HCM425 DBR4.5 ** NEED in FOUR HOURS**

PART 1

1. Initial Question: Over the past 3 weeks, you have been working on components of the Key Assignment. To this point, you have chosen your disease or health condition and have written a status report using the epidemiology triad to describe the disease. Your Key Assignment is due next week. This week, you will work on an outline for your final assignment to-date and post it to the Discussion Board.

Respond to at least 2 of your fellow classmates with at least a 100–200-word reply about their Primary Task Response regarding items you found to be compelling and enlightening. To help you with your discussion, please consider the following questions:

· What did you learn from your classmate's posting?

· What additional questions do you have after reading the posting?

· What clarification do you need regarding the posting?

1. Student Post to Respond to: Ariyan Berotte

Diabetes

· I. Abstract

· a. Overview about diabetes

· b. Purpose of the intervention

· c. Key points

· II. Introduction

· a. Definition of diabetes

· i. Different types

· 1. Type 1

· 2. Type 2

· 3. Gestational

· b. Life with living with diabetes

· i. Changing different factors

· 1. Lifestyle

· 2. Eating

· 3. Smoking

· 4. Drinking

· 5. Physical activity

· ii. Steps taken to control diabetes

· 1. Insulin injections

· 2. Monitoring glucose numbers

· 3. Changing eating habits

· III. History of diabetes

· a. When diabetes started and what factors started it

· b. Rates of diabetes

· c. Risks that come with having diabetes

· IV. Demographics

· a. Age

· b. Race

· c. Ethnicity

· d. Gender

· e. Population

· V. Social factors

· a. Financial status

· i. Low-income vs wealthy

· b. Lifestyle

i. Little to no physical activity

· ii. Drinking

· iii. Smoking

· iv. Bad eating habits

· c. Race

· i. African American

· ii. White American

· iii. Hispanic

· iv. Mixed races

· d. Living conditions

· i. Low income

· ii. Pollution within the air and water

· iii. Environment

· e. Education

· i. Knowledge about diabetes

· ii. The causes

· iii. Ways to treat diabetes

· VI. Morbidity Rates and Mortality Data

· a. Rates due to diabetes

· b. Years that the rates were higher

· c. Comparison of rates between different states

· d. Trends of the rates

· e. Survival rates

· VII. Incidence and Prevalence Data

· a. Rates due to diabetes

· b. Trends of the years

· c. How different races are affected

· VIII. Description for Intervention

· a. Introduction to the plan

· b. Who the plan is intended for

· c. Who will be leading the intervention

· d. What kind of classes will be available

· e. What needs to be done to reserve the class

· IX. Cost analysis

· a. Cost of implementing the intervention

· b. Description of how the money will be used

· c. Where the money will come from

· d. Who will be receiving the money

· X. Justification for Intervention

· a. The point of the intervention

· b. How the intervention will help

· c. Goals for the intervention

· d. Steps taken during the intervention

· XI. Conclusion

· a. Summary about diabetes

· b. Recommendations

2. Student Post to Respond to: brian michael

Proposal to Reduce the Incidence and Prevalence of Diabetes Mellitus in Los Angeles

Introduction

Diabetes Mellitus, particularly Type 2 diabetes, has become a significant public health concern in Los Angeles. The growing prevalence of this chronic disease places a significant strain on both the healthcare system and the broader community. As the Program Manager, it is essential to outline a comprehensive strategy to mitigate the incidence and prevalence of diabetes, focusing on the most vulnerable populations.

History of the Disease

Diabetes Mellitus has seen a rising trend globally, and Los Angeles is no exception. Over the past two decades, the prevalence of diabetes in Los Angeles County has surged, closely linked to increasing obesity rates and an aging population. “In 2018, approximately 10.5% of adults in Los Angeles County were diagnosed with diabetes, a sharp increase from previous years.” (Los Angeles County Department of Public Health, 2018). This trend highlights the urgent need for targeted interventions.

Needs Assessment for the Population

1. Demographics

· Los Angeles ranks among the most ethnically diverse cities in the United States, with large populations of Hispanic, African American, and Asian residents. The demographic distribution is crucial in understanding the risk factors associated with diabetes. Hispanic and African American communities, in particular, have higher rates of diabetes compared to other racial groups.

2. Social Factors

· Several social determinants of health significantly increase the risk of diabetes in Los Angeles. These include poverty, limited access to healthcare, and low levels of health insurance coverage. “Residents in lower-income neighborhoods face barriers to accessing nutritious food and engaging in physical activity, contributing to higher obesity rates and, consequently, higher diabetes prevalence.” (California Health Interview Survey, 2019)

3. Morbidity and Mortality Data

· Diabetes is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in Los Angeles. Complications from diabetes, such as cardiovascular disease, kidney failure, and lower-extremity amputations account for a substantial portion of healthcare costs in the county. The mortality rate from diabetes-related complications is disproportionately higher among Hispanic and African American populations.

4. Incidence and Prevalence Data

· The incidence of diabetes in Los Angeles continues to rise, with new cases being diagnosed annually. “As of the latest data, the prevalence of diabetes in Los Angeles County is around 12%, with certain neighborhoods experiencing rates as high as 15%.” (Los Angeles County Department of Public Health, 2020). The growing number of prediabetes cases further emphasizes the need for early intervention.

Suggested Intervention Program with Cost Analysis

To address the growing burden of diabetes in Los Angeles, I propose implementing a community-based intervention program that includes the following components:

Diabetes Prevention and Education Workshops:

· These workshops will focus on educating high-risk populations about healthy eating, physical activity, and diabetes management. Partnering with local community centers and schools, the program will offer free classes and resources. Estimated cost: $500,000 annually.

Mobile Health Clinics:

· Deploying mobile health clinics in underserved neighborhoods will provide screenings, preventive care, and follow-up services. This will help bridge the gap in healthcare access for low-income residents. Estimated cost: $1.2 million annually.

Discounted Access to Healthy Foods:

· Collaborating with local farmers’ markets and grocery stores to provide discounts on fresh produce for low-income families. Estimated cost: $800,000 annually.

Justification and Explanation

The proposed intervention focuses on the populations in Los Angeles that are most at risk, particularly Hispanic and African American communities. By focusing on prevention, education, and improved access to healthcare and nutritious foods, this program is designed to lower the incidence of diabetes and lessen its impact on the community. The investment in mobile health clinics and subsidized food access addresses the social determinants of health, making this a comprehensive and cost-effective approach.

Conclusion

This proposal outlines a strategic plan to combat the growing diabetes epidemic in Los Angeles. By implementing these targeted interventions,we can lower the incidence and prevalence of diabetes, improve health outcomes for vulnerable populations, and alleviate the economic burden on the healthcare system.

PART 2

1 . Initial Question: Respond to at least 2 of your fellow classmates with at least a 100-word reply about his or her Primary Task Response regarding items you found to be compelling and enlightening. To help you with your discussion, please consider the following questions:

2. What did you learn from your classmate's posting?

3. What additional questions do you have after reading the posting?

4. What clarification do you need regarding the posting?

5. What differences or similarities do you see between your posting and other classmates' postings?

1. Student Post to Respond to: Ashtyn Weaver

One of the most compelling topics learned in the Managing the Health of Populations class is the role of social determinants of health in shaping the well-being of individuals and communities. This topic emphasizes that health outcomes are not solely determined by individual choices or access to healthcare but are deeply influenced by broader social, economic, and environmental factors. Understanding these determinants is crucial for designing effective public health interventions that address the root causes of health disparities and promote health equity. Through discussions with peers, students can explore the complexities of social determinants of health and their impact on population health outcomes. By sharing different perspectives and experiences, students can gain a more nuanced understanding of how these factors interact and contribute to health inequalities.

Engaging in discussions with peers is an essential aspect of learning, as it allows students to exchange ideas, challenge their own assumptions, and deepen their understanding of the subject matter. Students can also learn how to critically evaluate research studies, assess the quality of evidence, and apply research findings to real-world public health problems. Participating in discussions allows students to practice these skills, receive feedback from peers and instructors, and deepen their understanding of how evidence-based practice can inform decision-making in public health. There may still be areas of the course material that remain unclear or require further clarification. By incorporating more case studies, simulations, or guest speakers from the field, students can gain a more comprehensive understanding of how public health principles are applied in practice. These approaches can provide students with valuable insights into the complexities of managing the health of populations and equip them with the skills needed to address emerging public health challenges effectively

2. Student Post to Respond to: natalie carroll

In this course, the most compelling topics revolved around managing the health of populations, with a focus on heart disease in Tennessee for the key assignment. Learning about the risk factors for heart disease, such as physical inactivity, tobacco use, and poor diet, was particularly enlightening. Understanding how these factors contribute to the prevalence of heart disease in Tennessee provided a solid foundation for exploring strategies to reduce the burden of the disease at a population level. Participating in discussions greatly deepened my understanding of the subject matter. Engaging with peers allowed me to hear different perspectives, which helped clarify complex concepts, such as how social determinants of health influence disease prevalence. Discussions around preventive strategies, like promoting healthier lifestyles and improving access to care, highlighted the importance of community-based interventions. These conversations reinforced my understanding of how public health initiatives can be tailored to address specific regional needs, such as the high rates of heart disease in Tennessee.

However, some areas could benefit from further clarification. For example, while the course covered various intervention strategies, I am still curious about the most effective ways to measure the long-term success of these programs. Understanding the metrics and evaluation methods for public health interventions would provide more insight into their sustainability and impact.