principal-agent relationship

1)Which of the following statements is true?

A. A security is a claim issued by a firm that pays owners interest, not dividends.

B. A call option analyzes conflicts of interest and behavior in a principal-agent relationship.

C. An agent-manager can never make bad decisions.

D. The difference between the value of one action and the value of the best alternative is called an opportunity cost.

2) Book value, or net book value, refers to

A. the statement of a firm’s financial position at one point in time, including its assets and the claims on those assets by creditors and owners

C. an agent-manager never making bad decisions

D. the net of assets less liabilities shown in the accounting statements

3) Assume that the par value of a bond is $1,000. Consider a bond where the coupon rate is 9% and the current yield is 10%. Which of the following statements is true?

A. The current yield was less than 9% when the bond was first issued.

B. The current yield was greater than 9% when the bond was first issued.

C. The market value of the bond is more than $1,000.

D. The market value of the bond is less than $1,000.

4) If the yield to maturity for a bond is less than the bond’s coupon rate, the market value of the bond is __________.

A. greater than the par value

B. less than the par value

C. equal to the par value

D. cannot tell

5)For investors the proper measure of a stock’s risk is its __________.

A. nondiversifiable risk

B. specific risk

C. nonsystematic risk

D. standard deviation

6) A company’s beta is -1.5. If the overall stock market decreases by 5%, what is the expected change in the firm’s stock price?

A. Share price decreases by 5%

B. Share price decreases by 6.5%

C. Share price increases by 7.5%

D. Share price decreases by 7.5%

7) Which of these investments would you expect to have the highest rate of return for the next 20 years?

A. U.S. Treasury bills

B. Long-term corporate bonds

C. Intermediate-term U.S. government bonds

D. Money market funds

8) Dimensions of risk include __________.

A. uncertainty about the future outcome

B. the certainty of a negative outcome

C. the impossibility of the same return

D. uncertainty about yesterday’s outcome

9) One problem with using negative values for the proportion invested in the riskless asset to represent a borrowed amount is that the implied borrowing rate of interest is the same as the __________.

A. prime rate of interest

B. current rate of interest

C. lending rate of interest

D. nominal rate of interest

10) If you were willing to bet that the overall stock market was heading up on a sustained basis, it would be logical to invest in

A. high beta stocks

B. low beta stocks

C. stocks with large amounts of unique risk

D. stocks that plot below the security market line

11) Stony Products has an inventory conversion period (ICP) of about 70 days. The receivables collection period (RCP) is 30 days. The payables deferral period (PDP) is about 40 days. What is Stony’s cash conversion cycle (CCC)?

A. 100 days

B. 60 days

C. 140 days

D. 70 days

CCC = ICP + RCP ? PDP = 70 days + 30 days ? 40 days = 60 days

12) The main source of short-term operating capital is _________.

A. trade credit

B. bank loans

C. bonds

D. sale of treasury stock

13) An investor’s risky portfolio is made up of individual stocks. Which of the following statements about this portfolio is true?

A. Each stock in the portfolio has its own beta.

B. Selling any stock in this portfolio will lower the beta of the portfolio.

C. An investor cannot change the risk of this portfolio by her choice about personal leverage.

D. Each stock in the portfolio will have a beta greater than 1.

14) An all-equity-financed firm would __________.

A. not pay any income taxes, because interest would exactly offset its taxable income.

B. pay corporate income taxes, because it would have interest expense.

C. not pay corporate income taxes, because it would have no interest expense.

D. pay corporate income taxes if its taxable income is positive.

15) If a firm wants to lower its weighted average cost of capital (WACC), one way to do so would be to

A. sell more common shares

B. sell more bonds

C. Pay a cash dividend

D. dividend

17) Ideas for capital budgeting projects come from all levels within an organization. The bottom-up process results in ideas moving __________ through the organization.

A. downward

B. upward

C. sideways

D. any way

18) Which of the following statements is true?

A. A mutually exclusive project can be chosen independently of other projects

B. When undertaking one project prevents investing in another project, and vice versa, the projects have a positive payback.

C. A conventional project has an initial cash outflow followed by one or more expected future cash inflows.

D. Whenever projects are independent and conventional, the internal rate of return (IRR) and net present value (NPV) methods will disagree

19) In practice, the __________ rule is the preferred criteria to accept or reject a capital investment project.

A. NPV

B. profitability index

C. IRR

D. payback

20) The Jerome Inc. western regional branch has been looking to install a new distribution center. The analysts have run the numbers on the distribution center costs and annual inflow from the investment. The project will cost $5 million at the beginning of the first year. The project will generate $1 million in earnings before interest and taxes at the end of each year. Jerome is in the 35% tax bracket and annual depreciation equates to $500,000 per year. The distribution center’s end of the fifth year’s salvage equals its book value, or $2,500,000. Compute the project’s NPV, assuming Jerome’s WACC equals 12%.

A. -$1,238,328

B. $564,060

C. $1,825,731

D. -$66,776

21) The __________ method breaks down when evaluating projects in which the sign of the cash flow changes.

A. IRR

B. NVP

C. PI

D. Payback

22) Studies show systematic differences in capital structures across industries. These are due primarily to differences in __________.

A. a firm’s inventory turnover ratio

B. the ability of assets to support borrowing

C. accounting practices

D. management’s attitude toward what other industries are doing

23) Capital structure decisions refer to the

A. dividend yield of the firm’s stock

B. blend of equity and debt used by the firm

C. capital gains available on the firm’s stock

D. maturity date of firm’s securities

24) Which of the following statements concerning preferred stock is true?

A. Preferred stockholders have a prior claim on the income and assets of the firm, as compared to the claims of lenders.

B. Preferred stock dividends per share are normally increased as the earnings of the firm increase.

C. Preferred dividends per share are usually not cut or suspended unless the firm is faced with serious financial problems.

D. Preferred stockholders are the ultimate owners of the firm.

25) Mortgage bonds are __________.

A. secured by a lien on the issuer’s general assets

B. secured by the lien on the issuer’s specific, real assets

C. usually secured by assets such as common shares of one of the issuer’s subsidiaries

D. a form of unsecured debt

26) __________ says to calculate the net advantage of leasing based on the incremental after-tax benefits that leasing will provide.

A. The capital market efficiency

B. The options principle

C. The principle of comparative advantage

D. The principle of incremental benefits

27) From the lessee’s viewpoint, the relevant discount rate for evaluating a lease versus buy decision is the __________.

A. cost of issuing new common stock

B. pretax cost of issuing debt

C. after-tax cost of issuing debt

D. lessor’s cost of debt

28) The wholesale price for Captain John’s is $0.612 per loaf, and the variable cost of production is $0.387 per loaf. Captain John’s expects that expansion will allow them to sell an additional 4.5 million loaves in the next 5 years. What additional revenues minus expenses will be generated from expansion?

A. $912,500

B. $1,000,500

C. $1,012,500

D. $1,102,500

29) Which of the following statements is true?

A. Soft capital rationing refers to the rationing imposed externally by limited funds for borrowing from outside sources.

B. Hard capital rationing refers to the rationing imposed internally by the firm.

C. A post audit is a set of procedures for evaluating a capital budgeting decision after the fact.

D. Few firms will engage in capital rationing.

30) In efficient markets, as in the United States, market prices are not expected to be __________.

A. wrong

B. fair

C. followed by many analysts

D. incorporate all information

 
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